The term of textually and contextually
understanding means that hadith is something which has to be understood.
Sometimes the intention of hadith is textual, so we have to do anything that
was written in hadith, but sometimes the intention of hadith is contextual
meaning, so we have to understand and read not only as the surface but read
deeply and the act to hadith is not based on the redaction of hadith
only.
Prof. Dr. Ali Mustafa Yaqub shows in his
book -at Thuruq as Shahihah fi fahmi as Sunnah an Nabawiyah-, that some hadith are need the understanding through contextual understanding,
so the real intention of hadith can be reached, but some hadith also can be
understood only by reading the surface of hadith.[1]
Therefore, the understanding to hadith needs to be explored in order to avoid
diverging when read the hadith.
Nowadays, only few men who are expert in
hadith and interest to study about it. Actually this is pitiful condition, so
some people only understand that anything coming from our prophet Muhammad
(peace be upon Him) is hadith and as Muslim obligation to do it. Here is the mistake, because M.Abduh shows
that not all Rasulullah’s word is divine revelation, but it can be many things
such as his experience, thinking, social condition, culture, civilization, and
others. Contextual understanding is important to divine those Rasulullah’s
words and do the right from hadith. Example, in Sunan Abu Dawud, the
redaction of hadith is “if one of you goes to mosque, please pay attention;
if you see feces, clean it and pray by using sandal”,[2] from this hadith, we can understand that we
have to understand the hadith contextually because this era is different from
last era (Rasulullah period). So the mosque at that time is really different
from the mosque in this era. The mosque in Rasulullah (Peace be upon Him) period
was only the sand and pebble, so it is really different from this era.
Therefore, this hadith reveals contextual understanding so we have to know how
the condition in Rasulullah (Peace be upon Him) period because knowing the
condition in Rasullah (Peace be upon Him) period, it is one way to understand
hadith contextually.
How terrible if we
understand the hadith textually only whereas the reason is doing our obligation
to follow our prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon Him). Therefore, Prof. Dr. Ali
Mustafa Yaqub wrote the book -at Thuruq as Shahihah fi fahmi as Sunnah an
Nabawiyah-, he wants to inform that not all contents of hadith are textual
and also not all of them contextual, moreover view of them are both of textual
and contextual, so we can do either textual or contextual.
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